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Penzance Borough Police
Penzance Borough Police was the police force for the borough and corporate town of Penzance, Cornwall, from 1836 to 1947. It was formed following the passing of the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, which reformed all UK boroughs, and stipulated that each appoint a Watch Committee to oversee a police force. The police force formed part of the commonality of the town’s government, led by an elected Mayor, six aldermen and eighteen councillors.〔Pigot's Topography and Gazetteer of England Vol.1 1841〕
== Pre-Formation ==
Prior to 1835, law and order in Penzance was enforced by a Parish Constable appointed by a Justice of the Peace, under supervision of the Lord Lieutenant, a tradition begun in the 13th Century during the reign of Edward I. Parish Constables were part-time and unpaid. Justices of the Peace were also unpaid members of the local gentry deemed to be “good and lawful,” and were able to hold courts of Petty Sessions to deal with minor misdemeanours. In Penzance, Petty Sessions were held on the second and fourth Monday in the month at 11am, first at Penzance Grammar School and later at the newly constructed Guildhall.〔Kelly's Directory of Cornwall 1893〕 The first Petty Sessions of the new borough took place on Monday 18 July 1836.〔West Briton 22 July 1836〕 Serious matters of theft, criminal damage, trespass and infringement were dealt with by the Justice at Quarter Sessions, held four times a year.〔Cornwall Records Office, Police, The Court of Quarter Sessions 2014〕 Petty and Quarter Sessions were retained following the formation of the Borough Police. The title of Parish Constable was abolished in favour of the title of Head Constable.
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